Parent Layer: Bathurst Caribou Range Plan

Name: Total Human Disturbance

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Description: Human disturbance effects can be considered as either direct or indirect. Land use features, such as roads, settlements or mine sites, have a directphysical footprint that results in habitat loss or alteration. An area of indirectdisturbance may exist around these physical footprints, where noise, dust, smells or other factors influence caribou’s use of habitat. This area of indirect disturbance around a human development feature is known as the zone of influence (ZOI). Caribou may avoid these zones of influence, use them less frequently, exhibit altered behavior,or have a higher mortality risk from harvest or predation within them. In GIS mapping, ZOI is estimated as a spatial buffer of a defined distance around a human development feature.The amount of direct and indirect human-caused disturbance in the Bathurst range planning area was calculated from an integrated GIS data set of human land use features/surface disturbances developed as part of the range planning exercise. The human land use feature mapping was created by compiling and merging available GIS information, with the Government of NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP) database (CIMP 2015) being the main input, supplemented and modified where necessary by the National Road Network and mineral industry-provided information used to support project assessment and permitting activities. Detailed mapping methods are described in Appendix A of the Caribou Range Assessment and Technical Information report developed in support of the Bathurst Caribou Range Planning process. Please contact Karin Clark, Cumulative Effects Biologist, GNWT to obtain a copy of this report.The ZOI extent around each human development feature was estimated based on literature reviews and values used in recent environmental assessments. Average ZOI extents for different feature types were used based on reported values and supportable rationale. The rationale and literature sources used to estimate ZOI extents are listed in Appendix B of the same aforementioned report.Human land use feature types represented in the Bathurst range planning area human development database, and their estimated zones of influence (ZOI) on barren-ground caribou.Feature TypeFeature ClassDescriptionEstimated ZOI (km)LinearAll-season Access RoadAny all-season road, including roads in Settlements (average 10m width)5Major Electrical Transmission CorridorAny major electrical utility corridor (e.g., Snare River) (average 30m clearing width)4Public All-season Paved HighwayAny all-season paved highway (e.g., NWT Highway #3 and #4) (average 60m clearing width)5Mainline All-season Access (Haul) RoadAny major all-season access or haul road (e.g., current Ekati Misery Road or potential future Izok Corridor road) (average 20m width)5Winter RoadAll winter roads (except main Tibbit to Contwoyto Winter Road) (average 12m width)1Tibbit to Contwoyto Winter RoadMainline Tibbit to Contwoyto Winter Road (average 40m width)4PolygonalAirstripActive airstrip with paved or unpaved surface5CampMineral exploration camp, lodges or similar5Communication TowerCommunication tower1General IndustrialVariety of general industrial features1Mineral ExplorationMineral exploration-related infrastructure and disturbances5Minesite (Active)Minesites under construction or in production14Minesite (Past or Closed)Past or closed minesites, either abandoned or under active reclamation5MiscellaneousVariety of uncertain industrial or non-industrial surface disturbances or infrastructure.1Marine PortFuture proposed or conceptual marine port/laydown facilities in Nunavut on the Arctic coast (e.g., Grays Bay or Bathurst Inlet)5Power Generation FacilityHydro power generation facilities (dams, spillways, powerhouses, and associated)5QuarryAny excavation site used for the purpose of developing aggregate, sand, crushed rock, etc.5SettlementAny permanent settlement with a recognized municipal boundary (e.g., City of Yellowknife, Whatì, etc.)15ZOI buffers from adjacent human land use features may overlap. To avoid double-counting ZOI buffers when calculating total human disturbance, ZOI buffers were applied to footprints in a hierarchy (Table 3), based on the following considerations:features with the largest ZOI assumptions occurred at the top of the hierarchy to reflect the relative magnitude of influence on caribou; polygonal features were ranked higher than linear features (with the same ZOI assumption), because the ZOIs assumptions reflect disturbance activities, which would likely be more consistent over time at a small polygonal feature compared to activity along a road. Also, from a practical perspective, the dissolve function in the GIS is simpler when a polygonal feature is ranked higher, because it eliminates the situation where a road (and associated ZOI) would bisect a polygonal feature if it happened to run through it. There would be many exceptions to these base assumptions, especially if one were to incorporate a feature-specific description of the intensity of activity associated with a polygonal or linear feature. However, for this landscape-level tracking exercise, in the absence of site-specific data and associated caribou responses, it was more appropriate to consider the hierarchy of feature-types at a strategic level, and not attempt to generate specific assumptions for each feature on the landscape.

Copyright Text: Bathurst Caribou Range Plan Working Group

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