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Layer: Ecological Land Classification Photos - 0-1:1M scale (ID: 3)

Name: Ecological Land Classification Photos - 0-1:1M scale

Display Field: FILE_NAME

Type: Feature Layer

Geometry Type: esriGeometryPoint

Description: To enable hyperlinks in ArcMap, choose URL under the Display tab, and select the URL field in the attribute table for the file path to the photos using the IIS/webserver.To view/query/symbolize photo attributes and categories with the ELC_Photos feature class, perform the following table join: ELC_Photos to ELC_Photo_Attributes on Photo_ID / Photo_IDDefinitions and descriptions for attributes and comments are listed below.FIELD NAMEDESCRIPTIONWAYPOINTGlobal Positioning System number generated by Garmin 76CSx® GPS receiver.DIGITAL_PHOTODigital photo number. These correspond one to one with waypoints, except for two periods. From July 5-8, 2005, multiple photographs were collected at waypoints. This practice was suspended because distances traveled by aircraft made location of multiple photos less precise than if one photo was taken within a few seconds of recording a waypoint location. On July 19 2011, numerous photos were taken at each of four ground stops.LATGenerated by GPS.LONGenerated by GPS.DAYDay on which GPS and photo were collected.MONTHMonth in which GPS and photo were collected.YEARYear in which GPS and photo were collected.DIRECTIONA general indication of the cardinal direction in which photo was taken. Typically determined by looking at GPS compass direction in which camera lens was pointing. Not all photos have directions. Those collected in mid-July 2005 and later are considered more reliable than early July 2005 records.COMMENTS1Comment pertaining to the theme of interest in a given photo. Key words were extracted from these comments and are the themes (e.g. peat_plateau, peat_polygon) that follow – see metadata for further information. These comments are unedited, and represent the best estimate of landscape features e.g geology and vegetation possible under varying light and weather conditions, flying altitudes, and observer familiarity during the 30 seconds that the observer had to frame the photo, decide on the theme, and collect the photo and GPS record. Not all photographs have comments. COMMENTS2Further expansion on Comments1 as necessary.Often used to capture extra information not in the photograph (e.g. size of wildlife groups, relevant maps for the area, interesting features).PEAT_PLATEAUA generally flat-topped expanse of peat, elevated above the general surface of a peatland, and containing segregated ice that may or may not extend downward into the underlying mineral soil.PEAT_POLYGONA peat plateau with ice-wedge polygons. Polygonal peat plateaus are commonly found near the boundary between the zones of discontinuous and continuous permafrost.PEAT_PALSAA peaty permafrost mound possessing a core of alternating layers of segregated ice and peat or mineral soil material. Palsas are typically between 1 and 7 m in height and a few metres to 100 m in diameter.PATTERNED_FENPeatland with a distinctive net-like pattern of low peat ridges topped by shrubs or trees and elongate pools and low spots occupied by sedges.PINGOA mound of earth-covered icefound in the Arctic, Subarctic, and Antarcticathat can reach up to 70 metresin height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. The term originated as the Inuitword for a small hill.FEN_GENERALTheme assigned when a fen was the subject of a photo and there were no special distinguishing characteristics; generally vegetated by sedges and shrubs.FEN_SEDGEFens are peat-covered or peat-filled wetlands with a water table which is usually at or above the surface. The waters are mainly nutrient-rich, minerotrophic waters from mineral soils. The vegetation consists mainly of sedges, grasses, reeds and brown mosses with some shrub cover and at times, a scanty tree layer. Sedge fens are sedge dominated.FEN_SHOREFens that form along the margins of lakes; wide shore fens are more often associated with milder Boreal climates in the NWT.FEN_FLOATINGFens that form floating mats on lakes and ponds; extensive floating fens are more often associated with milder Boreal climates in the NWT.FIELD NAMEDESCRIPTION"BRIGHT GREEN" FENSFens that support a vigorous growth of sedges and horsetails and that are more often associated with milder Boreal climates in the NWT.DRY MEADOWHerbaceous communities on moderately well-drained level to sloping landscapes.BOGOmbrotrophic (nutrient poor) peatland that is acidic (generally unaffected by nutrient-rich groundwater) and usually dominated by heath shrubs and Sphagnummosses and that may include open-growing, stunted woodlands of black spruce or other tree species.VENEER_BOGA bog occurring on gently sloping terrain underlain by generally discontinuous permafrost. Although drainage is predominantly below the surface, overland flow occurs in poorly defined drainage ways during peak runoff. Peat thickness is generally less than 1.5 m.GENERAL_ORGANICGeneral category for organic terrain that was not classified as fen, bog, or permafrost-affected.THERMOKARSTThe process by which characteristic landforms result from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice.Generally, this term referenced the occurrence of thermokarst lakes in collapse scar areas.FLOW_PATTERNSAlso called runnels, these are a pattern of alternating flow channels and interchannel uplands perpendicular to contour. In permafrost-affected areas, light and dark-striped patterns on hill slopes are runnels; the light stripes are usually sparsely treed, lichen covered interchannel areas with permafrost close to the surface, and the dark stripes are shallow drainage channels vegetated by dwarf birch, willow and other shrubs with a deeper active layer. Common in the Taiga Plains and in the foothills and lower mountains slopes of the Cordillera, uncommon in the Taiga Shield.POLYGONAL_GROUNDGeneral term for frost-affected mineral soil where frost wedging and associated soil movement has created a pattern of polygonal cracks. Usually associated with cold High Subarctic and Arctic climates where permafrost is continuous.EARTH_HUMMOCKSA hummock having a core of silty and clayey mineral soil which may show evidence of cryoturbation . Earth hummocks are a type of nonsorted circle (see also patterned ground) commonly found in the zone of continuous permafrost. They develop in materials of a high silt and clay content and/or of high ice content.UNSORTED_CIRCLESCircular permafrost-formed features that are formed by frost action pushing stones and finer-textured materials to the surface; unlike sorted circles, these materials are not sorted into coarse outer rings and finer inner core areas, and are formed in warmer climates than sorted circles. Includes stripes and nets.SORTED_CIRCLESStone-bordered circles with fine textured materials in the center pushed up by frost action; they form in glacial environments near ice edges where it remains cold year-round. Includes stripes and nets.FROST_HEAVED_SHATTEREDGeneral term for bedrock that has been pushed up and shattered by frost action.ESKERA long, usually narrow ridge of coarse-textured materials deposited on or under glaciers by flowing meltwaters. Eskers can be tens of meters high and hundreds of kilometers long.CREVASSE_FILLINGUnsorted deposits formed by glacial debris falling into glacial crevasses; these are left behind as often angular ridges that intersect each other at steep angles.KAMEA conical hill or irregular ridge of sand and gravel that was deposited in contact with glacier ice.PATTERNED_GROUNDA general term for circles, polygons, stripes, nets, and steps created by frost action.FIELD NAMEDESCRIPTIONTILLA mound, ridge, or other distinct accumulation of generally unsorted, unstratified glacial drift, predominantly till, deposited chiefly by direct action of glacier ice, in a variety of topographic landforms that are independent of control by the surface on which the drift lies.DRUMLINSSmooth, elongated hills created by flowing glacial ice . The long axis and tapered end are oriented in the direction of glacial ice flow.FLUTEDElongated features formed by the movement of glacial ice and the scouring of bedrock or mineral materials in the direction of flow.LINEAR_FEATURESGeneral term for landscape features of linear form and uncertain genesis.BEDROCKBedrock.EOLIANWind-deposited materials, typically sands and silts.ALLUVIALPertaining to materials deposited by flowing waters in the recent past; textures range from boulders and gravels to silts and clays.MELTWATER_CHANNELSErosional features formed by glacial meltwaters; they may be dry, or occupied by remnant lakes, or underfit streamsGLACIOFLUVIALPertaining to materials deposited by flowing glacial meltwaters; textures range from boulders and gravels to silts and clays.LACUSTRINETypically fine-textured (silts and clays)OUTWASHMaterials washed from a glacier by flowing water and laid down as stratified sorted beds. Generally, it is made up of stratified sand and/or gravel.KARSTSurface and subsurface features created by the dissolving of soluble rock such as limestone or gypsum, which results in such features as caverns and sinkholes.BEACH_RIDGEA linear feature that follows the shoreline of a former glacial lake; it is composed of coarse-textured materials left behind as the lake levels receded and the land rose following melting of thick glacial ice sheets.COLLUVIUMUnconsolidated materials moved by gravity, often occurring at the base of a slope. Also refers to well-weathered till which is generally indicated by rounded hills and gently undulating terrain.VENEER_DISCONTINUOUSRelating to till, glaciofluvial, eolian, lacustrine or other deposits that form a thin, discontinuous cover less than a meter thick over bedrock.UNDULATINGA landform with a regular sequence of gentle slopes producing a wavelike pattern of low local relief. Slopes are generally less than 0.8 km long with gradients of less than 5%.ROLLINGA landform characterized by a regular sequence of moderate slopes producing a wavelike pattern of moderate relief (20 m to 100 m). Slope lengths are often 1.6 km or greater with gradients usually greater than 5%.HUMMOCKYA landform characterized by a complex surface of low- to moderate-relief (local relief generally less than 10 m) knolls and mounds of glacial sediments separated by irregular depressions, all of which lack linear or lobate forms (also called knob and kettle). Slopes are generally less than 0.8 km with gradients of greater 5% to 30%.RIDGEDA landform with a sharp crest and well-defined sideslopes.HILLYLarge landform elements with local relief in the 200 to 500 m range. This includes foothills, dissected plateaus and major uplands.LEVELPertaining to areas with low or no slopes.SLOPEPertaining to areas with notable slopes.DISSECTEDPertaining to areas where streams or erosion have created deep rills and gullies.ESCARPMENTA steep slope or long cliff that results from erosion or faulting and separates two relatively level areas of differing elevations.FIELD NAMEDESCRIPTIONSLOPE_FAILUREGeneral term for mass wasting processes that cause the downslope movement of mineral or organic soils.PLATEAUAn elevated area with steep-sided slopes and a relatively level surfaceFOOTHILLHills adjacent to mountain ranges.RIVERRiver.BLUE_LAKESGeneral term used in 2006 and subsequently to describe blue-tinted lakes that probably have silty inputs; considered useful as probable indicators of lacustrine deposits.BROWN_LAKESGeneral term used in 2006 and subsequently to describe brown-tinted lakes where the water has been colored in part by dissolved organic components; are more common and widespread in warmer boreal climates in the NWT.PANORAMICGeneral term used to describe photographs taken in a circular pattern.LANDSCAPEGeneral term used to indicate a non-specific landscape view. Not of much use in classificationVEG_GENERALGeneral term used to indicate vegetation theme. Not of much use in classification.DECID_GENERALGeneral term used to indicate deciduous (forested) areas where the tree composition was difficult to define.ASPENDeciduous trees judged to be trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides).WHITE_BIRCHDeciduous trees judged to be white or Alaska birch (Betula papyrifera, Betula neoalaskana).MIXEDWOODMixtures of deciduous and coniferous trees.CONIFER_GENERALGeneral term used to indicate coniferous (forested) areas where the tree composition was difficult to define.JACKPINEConiferous trees judged to be jack pine (Pinus banksiana).LODGEPOLE_PINEConiferous trees judged to be lodgepole pine (Pinus contortavar. latifolia).SPRUCE_GENERALConifers judged to be a mix of black and white spruce, where the composition was difficult to determine.WHITE_SPRUCEConiferous trees judged to be white spruce (Picea glauca).BLACK_SPRUCEConiferous trees judged to be black spruce (Picea mariana).TAMARACKConiferous trees judged to be tamarack (Larix laricina).FIRConiferous trees judged to be subalpine fir (Abies bicolor).TREELINEPlace at which tree growth essentially ceases because of climatic or physiographic constraints. BOG_BIRCHShrubs judged to be bog or ground birch (Betula glandulosa)YELLOW_BLACK_LICHENYellow (Cetraria) and black (Cornicularia) lichens associated with dry till drumlins and polygonal ground in the eastern NWT Taiga Shield are indicators of colder, dry climates and were therefore noted.PLANT_SPECIESGeneral term used to indicate locales where there could be plant species of interest.LILYPADSVariegated pond lily is considered to be a relative indicator of climate, forming relatively large colonies in warmer Boreal areas of NWT and occurring only as scattered individuals or not at all in cold High Subarctic climates.BURNSGeneral category for recent to old burns.FIRE_05Active fires noted in 2005.FIRE_06Active fires noted in 2006.FLOODEDFlooding noted.CALCAREOUSCalcareous deposits noted.SALINESaline area.SOILSoil information (usually a reference to soil pits or other ground samples).SPRINGSpring or seep.SPECFEATFeatures considered to be locally or regionally special (e.g. springs, saline areas, long eskers).FIELD NAMEDESCRIPTIONWILDLIFEGeneral wildlife observations.CARIBOUCaribou observations (generally tracks).BEAVERObservations of beaver activity (dams, houses).STICK_NESTSOspreys and other raptors build nests of sticks on exposed boulders in lakes in the Taiga Shield where surrounding forests do not have trees large enough to nest in. Abundant stick nests could be related to slow forest growth in colder climates and were therefore notable features.PEOPLEGeneral photos of people engaged in various activities.PLACESGeneral photos of locales, towns etc.AIRCRAFTAircraft photos.LANDUSE_ACTIVITIESVarious land use activities (e.g. mining, recreation, forest harvesting).PLOTSDenotes photographs taken at or near survey ground plot locations.WEATHERInteresting weather-related photos.BALSAM_POPLARBalsam poplar like other deciduous tree species is an indicator of milder boreal conditions regionally, where it occurs as groves or mixtures with conifers or aspen, or locally warmer conditions. It appears to be more tolerant of cold conditions than other deciduous tree species and has been found well north of the regional tree line in relatively warm microclimates. PACIFIC CORDILLERAN VEGETATIONSubalpine fir (Abies bifolia) and other species such as valerian (Valeriana sitchensis) and triangle-leaved ragwort (Senecio triangularis) that are typical in relatively mild and snowy high subalpine and alpine communities of British Columbia and Alberta; indicative of areas with snowy, somewhat milder conditions and used to differentiate between Level III Mid-Boreal and High Boreal Ecoregions in the Northwest Territories Cordillera.LIMESTONE_PAVEMENTA descriptive term indicative of extensive, sparsely vegetated or barren level to steeply sloping limestone slabs.AUFEISAreas of remnant ice that persist along streams well into the summer; indicative of springs that may create open water and fish habitat in the streams during winter. DALL_SHEEPA subspecies of mountain sheep found in the Northwest Territories Cordillera; observed where noted.MOOSEObserved where noted.SWANSObserved wherenoted.GOATObserved where noted.LICHEN_SHRUB_WOODLANDSA forest type readily recognizable from aerial surveys; open coniferous (white and black spruce) stands with an understory of lichens an shrubs.SHRUB_TUNDRATundra areas dominated by low shrubs (usually SEDGE_TUNDRATundra areas dominated by sedgesLICHEN_TUNDRATundra areas dominated by lichensBRAIDED_ALLUVIUMShallow stream channels that crisscross, generally dry or with shallow water, on broad gravelly and coarse sandy alluvial plains.DRY_BARREN_MOUNTAINSA widespread mountain form characterized by mostly bare rock, contracted vegetation (gullies, lower slopes, stream channels) and little remnant snow or evident wetlands.ROCK_TALUS_GLACIERIce-cored lobes generally at the base of talus slopes or in valley bottoms, common in Cordilleran areasICE_GLACIER_ICEFIELDCommon in Cordilleran areas and localized in the Arctic IslandsMULTICOLORED_STRATAA general descriptive term to describe the appearance of mountains in the 2007 Cordillera surveyU-SHAPED VALLEYA general descriptive term that helped to identify those areas that were likely influenced by glaciation as indicated by ice-scouring of valley walls.FIELD NAMEDESCRIPTIONACTIVE_COLLUVIATIONPlaces where talus and other debris from rockfall or slope movements are actively being deposited.BRIGHT_GREEN_TUNDRAAreas of tundra with a bright green colour may be unusually rich and moist, and may harbour species such as Pacific-Cordilleran indicators. These tundra types are more common in the southwest Cordillera areas.BLACK_SHALESShale colour could be related to some characteristic that affects plant growth. Black shales will absorb sunlight (and radiate it away in the evenings). Often supported more continuous vegetation than areas judged to be limestones or sandstones.PURPLE_SHALESSeemed to be associated with vegetation in areas where Dall sheep were more numerous.RED_ORANGE_BROWN_SHALESOften supported more continuous vegetation than areas judged to be limestones or sandstones.LIMESTONESLow-reliability assessment of lithology based on general form and colour.SANDSTONESLow-reliability assessment of lithology based on general form and colour.SHALESLow-reliability assessment of lithology based on general form and colour.RESISTANT_ROCKSGeneral assessment of erosion effects. Resistant rocks typically support less vegetation than bedrock that is erodable, like shaleBOULDERY_COLLUVIUMTalus with a mix of cobbles and boulders (small to very large).RUNNELSA pattern of alternating flow channels and interchannel uplands perpendicular to contour. In permafrost-affected areas, light and dark-striped patterns on hill slopes are runnels; the light stripes are usually sparsely treed, lichen covered interchannel areas with permafrost close to the surface and the dark stripes are shallow drainage channels vegetated by dwarf birch, willow and other shrubs with a thicker active layer.SOLIFLUCTIONThe downslope movement of water-saturated soil in a viscous or plastic state over an impermeable layer, often permafrost. The presence of an impermeable permafrost layer prevents the internal drainage of the soil, forcing the soil to flow down the slope. During warm periods the surface layer thaws and slides across the frozen layer, slowly moving downslope due to frost heave.ROCKLANDAreas that are clearly dominated by bedrock or bouldery deposits (i.e. generally greater than 80% of the ground surface)HIGH_CENTRE_POLYGONSSee LOW_CENTRE_POLYGONS. Both high- and low-centre polygons are features that are readily available from the air and that are useful in determining landscape characteristics such as regional climate and soil moisture.LOW_CENTRE_POLYGONS#A feature of continuous permafrost in wet terrain (e.g., drained lakes). Ice wedges develop in cracks, pushing up soil ridges adjacent to the wedges and creating dams that trap water inside the resulting polygons. The features appear as high-rimmed ridges surrounding wet shallow central pools of water. Over hundreds or thousands of years, peat deposits build up and eventually create a dome-shaped surface; these features are referred to as high-centre polygons.ICE_WEDGE_POLYGONS#A widespread characteristic of the Southern and Northern Arctic, more typical of colder (Mid-Arctic and High Arctic) climates. They are features associated with areas of continuous permafrost in dry to moist mineral soil. When soil cools quickly, it shrinks and cracks form. Spring and summer meltwater flow into the cracks and freeze upon contacting the permafrost, creating ice wedges. This ice wedge cracks in subsequent years and ice accretion continues; the ice wedge can become a metre or more in width.FIELD NAMEDESCRIPTIONNON_SORTED_CIRCLESA non-sorted circle is a patterned ground form that is equidimensional in several directions, with a dominantly circular outline which lacks a well-defined border of stones and has a centre composed of a mixture of textures from fine through coarse mixed with gravels, cobbles and boulders. A network of non-sorted circles that meet is referred to as a non-sorted net. A very common feature of the Southern and Northern Arctic.NON_SORTED_STRIPESNon-sorted stripes form under the same influence of frost action as non-sorted circles, but because they form on slopes, they flow and elongate perpendicular to contour. Very common feature of the Southern and Northern Arctic.MARINECurrently or in the recent past influenced by ocean waters (flooding and deposition, salt spray area etc.).TIDAL_FLATSAreas that are frequently affected by saline ocean waters, often largely unvegetated.MUSKOXObservations of muskoxen.WOLFObservations of wolves.MINKObservations of mink.GROUND_SQUIRRELObservations of ground squirrels or their colonies.RAPTOR_NESTSObservations of raptor nests, usually associated with cliffs.BELUGA_WHALESObservations of beluga whales.SNW_GEESEObservations of snow geese – most of these observations were made on Banks Island where there are large breeding populations.BAR_SDTAn abbreviation standing for “barren to sparse dry tundra”, usually less than about 5% total vegetation cover. The type of tundra generally associated with “dry tundra” in this and the following field names containing “SDT” FDT” and “GDT” is dominated by mountain avens (Dryas integrifolia) and sedge (Carex rupestris) with other prostrate shrubs (Salixspp.), forbs, grasses, sedges, mosses and lichens on non-acidic soils. The grayish-green tones characteristic of these areas are due to very small greenish-gray Dryas leaves with a whitish tomentum and a high proportion of dead gray-coloured leaves in Dryaspatches. Where this particular class occurs on the islands north of M’Clure Strait, the sparse dry tundra component typically has other types of dwarf prostrate shrub or cushion forbs (e.g. Saxifraga oppositifolia) SDT”Sparse dry tundra” (Dryas- dominated, scattered dark patches visible, These “dry tundra” classes were mainly associated with dry landscapes on Banks and Victoria Islands, with a few scattered occurrences on favorable locales of Prince Patrick, Eglinton and Melville Islands north of M’Clure Strait. SDT_FDTA complex of “sparse dry tundra” and “fair dry tundra”SDT_GDTA complex of “sparse dry tundra” and “good dry tundra”FDT“Fair dry tundra”, coverage (20-50% - mostly in stripes associated with shallow erosion rills (non-sorted stripes) - grayish green or very dark green colouration, see “BAR_SDT” for composition).FDT_GDTA complex of “fair dry tundra” and “good dry tundra”GDT“Good dry tundra”, tundra development evident in and between erosional/permafrost stripes (>50% total cover, grayish green or very dark green colouration, see “BAR_SDT” for composition.)FMT“Fair moist tundra” is characteristic mainly of the north end of Banks Island and a few other locales on Banks and Victoria Islands, with a few scattered occurrences on favorable locales of Prince Patrick, Eglinton and Melville Islands north of M’Clure Strait. The characteristics of FMT and GMT that differentiate it from FDT and GDT are larger, deeper green Dryas leaves with less gray-toned dead carryover, more extensive prostrate willow growth, and a more diverse assortment of forbs, grasses and sedges. Soils tend to have more organic enrichment also. 30-70% total cover.FIELD NAMEDESCRIPTIONFMT_GMTA complex of “fair moist tundra” and “good moist tundra”GMT“Good moist tundra” is characteristic mainly of the north end of Banks Island and a few other locales on Banks and Victoria Islands, with a few scattered occurrences on favorable locales of Prince Patrick, Eglinton and Melville Islands north of M’Clure Strait. > 70% total cover.ST_LT5“ST” classes occupy lowlands with a high water table (moist to wet) or occur below snow patches and are not high centre or low centre polygons. ST stands for “seepage tundra” although not all observations assigned this label are receiving seepage water. ST_LT5 means less than 5% seepage tundra in the general area ST5_105-10% seepage tundraST20_3020-30% seepage tundraST40_5040-50% seepage tundra. Most common in fluvial and lacustrine areas.ST60_7060-70% seepage tundra. Most common in fluvial and lacustrine areas.ST80PLUSMore than 80% seepage tundra. Most common in fluvial and lacustrine areas.CRYPTOGAMAreas in the High Arctic that are covered with a black crust of algae, bacteria and lichens. A few scattered vascular plants also occur. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).CB_CRYPT_BARRENSAreas in the High Arctic where cryptogams occur, but most of the ground surface is devoid of vascular or non-vascular plant growth. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).PB_PURPLE_SAXIFRAGE_BARRENSAreas in the High Arctic where purple saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositifolia), a cushion forb, is the dominant plant but occurs in scattered patches, with mostly bare ground. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).HB_HERBACEOUS_BARRENSAreas in the High Arctic where herbaceous species like poppy are the dominant plants but occurs in scattered patches, with mostly bare ground. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).GB_GRASS_BARRENSAreas in the High Arctic where grasses are the dominant plants but occurs in scattered patches, with mostly bare ground. There are very few or no shrubs or sedges. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).LB_LUZULA_BARRENSAreas where wood rush (Luzula spp.) are the dominant plants but occur in scattered patches, with mostly bare ground. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).WB_WILLOW_DRYAS_BARRENSAreas in the High Arctic where willow and mountain avens occur together on neutral to alkaline soils, but in scattered patches, with mostly bare ground. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).PT_PURPLE_SAXIFRAGE_TUNDRAAreas in the High Arctic where purple saxifrage, cryptogams, grasses and a few herbs (Oxyria digyna, Papaver, Saxifraga) cover 20-60% of the ground surface. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).GM_GRASS_MEADOWSAreas in the High Arcticwhere grasses such as Alopecuris alpinusare dominant and cover 20-60% of the ground – there are very few or no shrubs or sedges, and a low diversity of other vascular plants (Saxifraga, Papaver, Oxyria, Luzula, etc.). Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).LT_LUZULA_TUNDRAAreas in the High Arctic dominated by Luzula – often a golden-brown hue, differentiating it from “dry tundra” types of the southern islands and other tundra types in the High Arctic. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).WM_DRYAS_WILLOW_MEADOWSAreas in the northern islands (Prince Patrick, Eglinton, Melville) where somewhat warmer conditions prevail (usually Dryas and Salixsimilar to that in the Mid-Arctic of the southern islands (Banks, Victoria) with a similar suite of associated herbs, grasses and sedges. The occurrence of these vegetation features on Melville Island assisted in the delineation of Mid-Arctic pockets in sheltered inlets. Based on a classification developed by Edlund (1990).

Copyright Text: Primary funding was provided by the Forest Management & Wildlife Divisions of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the NWT. Project work was completed primarily by the Ecosystem Classification Group, as detailed in the reports. For specific information or questions regarding the dataset, please contact Kathleen Groenewegen, GIS Specialist, at kathleen_groenewegen@gov.nt.ca or 867-874-2009. Photo credits: D.Downing & R.Decker / GNWT

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